The strength of a metal belt changes with change in temperature: this fact is always considered while choosing the metal for a specific application. Although strength factors are only a part of the process, while choosing materials for the belts, several other factors are also taken into consideration such as atmosphere, temperature limit and heating effect on the surface of the mesh belt.The following instructions should be taken into account while choosing a material in combination with the strength factors table for the use with weave, double weave and compound weave belts.
Trade name | ANSI No. | Chromium | Nickel | Carbon | Silicon | Manganese | Columbium | Other elements | Weight ratio to steel |
Plain steel | C1008 | – | – | .10 | .15 to .30 | .30 to .50 | – | – | 1 |
High carbon Steel | C1040 | – | – | .37 to .44 | .15 to .30 | .60 to .90 | – | – | 1 |
C1065 | – | – | .60 to .70 | .15 to .30 | .60 to .90 | – | – | ||
6150 alloy Mayari R | 6150 | 0.80 to 1.1
0.40 to 1+ |
1 | .48 to .53
120 |
.20 to .35
.20 to .90 |
.70 to .90
.50 to 1 |
– | 0.15 V min, 0.10 Zr Max | 1
1 |
3% chrome | – | 2.75 to 3.25 | – | .10 to .15 | 1 to 1.50 | .40 to .60 | – | 0.40 to 0.60 Mo | 1 |
17% chrome | T430 | 14 to 18 | – | .12 | 1 | 1 | – | – | .98 |
18-8 | – | 18 to 20 | 8 to 12 | .08 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1.02 |
18-12 Mo | T304 | 16 to 18 | 10 to 14 | .08 | 1 | 2 | – | 2 to 3 Mo | 1.02 |
Carpenter 20Cb | T316 | 19 to 21 | 30 to 38 | .07 | 1 | 2 | 8 x C min. 1 max | 2 to 3 Mo, 2 to 3 Cu | 1.02 |
18-10 | #20 | 17 to 19 | 9 to 13 | .08 | 1 | 2 | 10 x C Min | – | 1.02 |
25-12 | T347 | 22 to 24 | 12 to 15 | .20 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1.02 |
25-20 | T309 | 24 to 26 | 19 to 22 | .25 | 1.50 | 2 | – | – | 1.02 |
25-20 Si | T310 | 23 to 26 | 19 to 22 | .25 | 1.50 to 3 | 2 | – | – | 1.02 |
35-19 | 527 | 19 to 20 | 34 to 36 | .10 | 1.25 to 1.75 | 1 | Bal Fe | .98 | |
35-19 Cb | 520 | 21 to 22 | 34 to 36 | .10 | 1.50 to 2.50 | 1 | .75 to 1.25 | Bal Fe | 1.01 |
72-16 Inconel | 600 | 14 to 17 | 72 | .15 | .50 | 1 | – | 0.50 Cu max, 6 to 10 Fe | 1.07 |
72-16 Cb Inconel | 604 | 14 to 17 | Bal | .10 | .75 | 1 | 1.75 to 2.75 | 0.50 Cu max, 6 to 10 Fe | 1.08 |
80-20 Cb | – | 19 to 20 | Bal | .10 | .75 to 1.50 | 1 | .75 to 1.25 | 1 Fe | 1.07 |
Hastelloy X | – | 20.5 to 23 | Bal | .05 to .15 | 1 | 1 | – | 8 to 10 Mo, 0.2 to 1 W, 17 to 20 Fe, 0.5 to 2.5 Co | 1.05 |
The welded Nichrome wire mesh belts are produced in a regular fabric by inserting a connector into each spiral pair. The applicable belt types are: Balanced (B), Double balanced (DB), Cleartrac (CTB) and Compound balanced (CB).
Adjustments
1. If the connector gauge is double or higher gauges heavier than the spiral gauge, then the consecutive larger wire size is used to find the maximum permissible tension.
2.Permissible tension at the high temperatures = lbs/foot max allowable tension at room temperature/strength factor.
3. The following diagram shows a single belt. For compound balanced CB belts, the chart value is multiplied by the count of elemental belts, a number immediately following CB in the mesh designation.
Highest permissible tension chart
Alloys | Increase |
Low chrome alloys | 0 % |
Steel grades 410, 430, 304 | 10 % |
Steel grades 309, 314, 330 | 20 % |
Nichrome Inconel | 20 % |
High carbon steel | 33 % |
Strength factors for elevated temperature applications using Metal mesh belts
Material | Temperature, oF | ||||||||||
500 | 600 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 | 1150 | 1300 | 1350 | 1450 | 1500 | |
HC | 1.1 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 | |||||
C1040 | |||||||||||
C1065 | |||||||||||
T304 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 6 | 7.9 | 8 | 9.5 | 10 |
T309 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 10 | ||||||
T310 | 1.3 | 1.41 | 1.42 | 1.46 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 3. | 3.5 | 4.6 | 5 | |
T321 | 2.9 | 4.4 | |||||||||
35-19Cb | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.4 | |||
T347 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.64 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 5 | 6 | ||
T430 | 1 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 15 | |||
T316L | 1 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2 | 2.5 | 4 | 4.9 | |
3% Cr | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 4 | 10 | |||||
Mayari | 1.5 | 2 | 2.7 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.8 | |||||
1% Cr | 4.4 | ||||||||||
T314 | 4 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 5 | |||||||
Inconel | 1.4 | 15 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3 | 4 | |||
Material | Degree F | ||||||||||
1500 | 1550 | 1700 | 1750 | 1800 | 1850 | 1950 | 2025 | 2050 | 2125 | 2150 | |
T309 | 10 | 15 | 31 | ||||||||
T310 | 5 | 5.5 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 25 | ||||
T314 | 5 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 10 | 12.3 | 15 | 20 | 24 | 25 | 38 | 50 |
35-19Cb | 3.4 | 3.7 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 19 | 23 | 24 | 40 | 52 |
Nichrome | 10 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 18.5 | 22 | 23 | 30 | 40 | ||
T347 | 6 | 7.5 | 13 | 13.4 | |||||||
Incoel | 4 | 5 | 9.2 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 23 | 24 | 40 | |
Nichrome VI | 5.5 | 7 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 23 | 28 | 30 | 38 | 40 |
T316L | 4.9 | 7.5 | |||||||||
Hastelloy | 7 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 26 | 36 |
1. In the carbon precipitation limit, a higher grade of stainless steel 316 or 347 specifically in ornate class Lehr applications is considered.
2. For Lehr applications the mesh belt is predominately 2% chrome carbon steel, although at temperatures lower than 1000oF, it would be costly to use high carbon steel.
3. 3% chrome is sensitive to oxidation at this temperature limit
4. Inconel alloy in nitrogen containing conditions at temperatures more than 1800oF can be used as it is less sensitive to nitrogen embrittlement.
5. For infrared food processing applications, stainless steel 316 is used for temperature conditions up to 1500oF. Steel 304 is not an optimal choice for this operation limit.
6. Steel 316 oxidizes at temperatures more than 2050oF.
Instructions for choosing wire analysis for metal mesh belts | ||
Material | Temp oF | Description and application |
Plain steel low carbon C1008 | 600 | Dry conditions for light and moderated stress, where no rigorous wear tends to occur, and in low temperature ovens |
Galvanized carbon steel C1008 C1040 | 350 | For damp or slightly corrosive conditions and caustic washing application, furnished in low carbon for moderate stresses ad in high carbon for large stresses |
High carbon C1040 C1065 | 1050 | Dry conditions for large weights, where rigorous wear may occur, and in moderate temperature furnaces. For example glass annealing and metal tempering bluing |
6150 alloy Mayari R | 1100 | These alloys have different chemical composition, have features better than high carbon steel for Lehr belt operations in the glass annealing temperature limit |
3% chrome | 1300 | For temperatures more than 1000oF about 1300oF, with considerably higher oxidation resistance, surface and configuration stability than 1% chrome steel and increased strength |
17 % chrome T430 | 1400 | For corrosion resistance in the natural, fresh water, steam, food, dairy products, nitric acid and other oxidizing conditions. The steel 430 offers higher corrosion resistance than that of grade 410 and it doesn?ˉt embrittle quickly. However it offers resistance to gradual scaling at temperatures about 1400oF, it is not often utilized in the elevated temperature conditions excluding for sulfur gases as it vigorously losses strength at temperatures more than 1100oF |
18-8 T304 | 1500 | Steel grade 304 has excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in the sea water and commercial conditions, polluted water, elevated temperature steam, food, dairy products, organic compounds and non-oxidizing conditions, however it offers resistance to gradual scaling up to 1500oF, it is not widely utilized in the elevated temperature conditions as it is keen to carbide precipitation and embrittlement in the 800oF to 1500oF temperature limit. For 800oF to 1500oF temperature limit properties are similar to 347. |
18-12 Mo T316 | 1500 | The inclusion of molybdenum to the basic 18 ¨C 8 analysis offers higher resistance to the identical chemical compounds that are partially corrosive to stainless steel 304. The steel grade 316 is specifically effective in corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid compounds. It also offers resistance to pitting corrosion that takes place in 18-8 kind with acetic and phosphoric acids, chlorides, bromides and iodides. Muriatic or hydrochloric acids will cause corrosion of steel 316 and steel 304. Nitric acid, although will cause corrosion of steel 316 more easily than steel grade 304. For the elevated temperature applications, the steel 347 is recommended. |
25-20 Si steel 314 | 2050 | The steel grade 314 is widely utilized in the elevated temperature metal mesh belt applications about 2050oF due to its high strength, outstanding resistance to oxidation and affordability. The steel 314 is commonly utilized in the copper brazing processes and for sintering of powdered metals. It contains high silicon content that significantly increases its resistance to oxidation and carburization. Due to high concentration of carbon present in this alloy, when it is used in the long periods for 800of to 1500oF, this steel is subjected to carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries resulting feasible embrittlement and intergranular corrosion. The carbides when produced are readily re-dissolved by causing the mesh belt temperature above 1950oF, keeping this temperature for minimum one hour, then a quick air cooling. |
35-19 | 2050 | In the oxidizing conditions lower to 1950oF, and under cyclic heating conditions, alloy 35-19 is recommended than steel 314. Alloy 35-19 produces a layer that is more reliable to the underneath metal than in conditions for steel 314, it also offers greater potential, lower extension and less carbide embrittlement as compare to steel 314. The alloy 35Ni-19 Cr has high resistance to thermal shock. |
35-19 Cb | 2050 | The alloy is equivalent to 35Ni-19Cr with inclusion of columbium that prevents the carbide precipitation. Moreover its also higher silicon concentration as compare to alloy 35-19 that enhances the resistance to oxidation and carburization. Preferred when there is prolonged exposure in the temperature limits of 1200oF to 1700oF limit and where the highest temperature does not increase more than 2050oF. It offers high oxidation resistance to carburizing and carbonitriding conditions at temperatures about 1750oF |
Inconel alloy 600 | 2150 | The superalloy Inconel has significant chemical compositions. Analyses show its higher scaling resistance in the cyclic heating operations in the oxidizing conditions than the earlier Inconel test. In the sulfur free conditions, this alloy can be used at temperatures about 2100oF. In the sulphurous conditions, its applications are limited to 1500oF for oxidizing and 1000oF for reduction applications.
Inconel alloy 600 offers greater strength as compare to steel grades 314 and 35-19 at temperatures more than 1800oF. It has outstanding resistance to intragranular corrosion at the elevated temperatures and its resistance to hydrogen, ammonia and nitrogen enables to be used in the nitriding conditions. Inconel alloy offers outstanding resistance to molten aluminum brazing flux. |
Instructions for wire analysis for metal mesh belts | ||
Material | Max temp, of | Description and uses |
Inconel alloy 604 | 2200 | This new alloy is primarily a columbium stabilized kind of standard Inconel alloy, no brittlness and ductility loss due to carbide precipitation. Containing 78% nickel, extremely higher than 40% minimum content needed for avoiding sigma phase production, therefore it will not embrittle. Inconel alloy is specifically suitable in the carburizing conditions and installations where the mesh belt is subjected to interchange nominally reducing and oxidizing conditions. |
80-20 Cb | 2100 | The high nickel alloy has been widely utilized for several years offering prolong Instructions for wire analysis for metal mesh belt life at the high temperatures. 80-20 Cb has outstanding oxidation resistance and high mechanical strength features for the preferred application temperature limits. The inclusion of columbium as a stabilizing element provides this alloy resistance to the green rot mechanism that may take place in the temperature limit of 1600oF to 1900oF. |
Hastelloy alloy X | 2200 | Outstanding strength and oxidation resistance about 2200oF is a feature of Hastelloy alloy X. It produces a extremely reliable oxide layer that doesnt spall at the elevated temperature. It also offers outstanding resistance to the reducing and neutral conditions. High price is the only exception on its use for Instructions for choosing wire analysis for metal mesh belt applications. |
Nichrome 70/30 alloy | 2200 | This nichrome alloy contains 70% nickel and 30% chromium offering high oxidation resistance in the oxidizing and exothermic conditions at temperatures in abundance of 2150oF. |
It is to be noticed that the strength is the sole factor that is considered inthe selection of metal mesh belts for the elevated temperature application. The strength values stated by different consistent lab researches show significant change in analyses of metal mesh belt applications in the field, under presumably identical conditions, often provide a broad variation in the useful life.
Allowances are made for commercial variations in the chemical composition and mechanical characteristics of wire, various kinds of mesh formation, types of corrosion, effect of atmosphere, time at the critical temperature, thermal shock, mechanical stress, non- uniform loading, pulley sizes, and different other conditions
.